p-org/P

The P programming language.

Source code at GitHub https://p-org.github.io/P/

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Formal Modeling and Analysis of Distributed Systems

P is a state machine based programming language for formally modeling and specifying complex distributed systems. P allows programmers to model their system design as a collection of communicating state machines and provides automated reasoning backends to check that the system satisfies the desired correctness specifications.

Impact

P enables developers to model system designs as communicating state machines—a natural fit for microservices and service-oriented architectures. Teams across AWS building flagship products—from storage (S3, EBS), to databases (DynamoDB, MemoryDB, Aurora), to compute (EC2, IoT)—use P to reason about the correctness of their designs. P has helped these teams eliminate several critical bugs early in the development process.

(Re:Invent 2023) Gain confidence in system correctness & resilience with Formal Methods

📄 Systems Correctness Practices at Amazon Web Services — Marc Brooker and Ankush Desai, Communications of the ACM, 2025.

Why Teams Choose P

Benefit	Description
Thinking Tool	Writing specifications forces rigorous design thinking—many bugs are caught before any code runs.
Bug Finder	Model checking uncovers corner-case bugs that stress testing and integration testing miss.
Faster Iteration	After initial modeling, changes can be validated quickly before implementation.

What’s New

PeasyAI — AI-Powered Code Generation

Generate P state machines, specifications, and test drivers directly from design documents.

Integrates with Cursor and Claude Code via MCP
27 specialized tools for P development
Ensemble generation with auto-fix pipeline
1,200+ RAG examples for context-aware generation

👉 Get started with PeasyAI

PObserve — Runtime Monitoring

Validate that production systems conform to their formal P specifications.

Check service logs against P monitors
Bridge design-time verification with runtime behavior
Works in both testing and production environments

👉 Learn about PObserve

Multi-Error Compilation (P 3.0+)

p compile reports ALL type errors in one pass by default, sorted by source location. Cascade-suppression keeps root causes surfacing without downstream noise:

$ p compile
[Error:] [bad.p:6:4] got type: bool, expected: int

[Error:] [bad.p:8:13] could not find name 'undeclaredVar'

[Error:] [bad.p:9:16] operator '+' requires both operands to be int or both float; got int and string

Use --strict-errors (or -se) to restore the legacy abort-on-first behavior:

$ p compile --strict-errors
[Error:] [bad.p:6:4] got type: bool, expected: int

The new default is particularly useful with AI fix loops (PeasyAI, Cursor) and large refactors — fix N errors per LLM round-trip instead of N round-trips per N errors.

The P Framework

Component	Description
P Language	Model distributed systems as communicating state machines. Specify safety and liveness properties.
P Checker	Systematically explore message interleavings and failures to find deep bugs. Additional backends: PEx, PVerifier.
PeasyAI	AI-powered code generation with auto-fix and human-in-the-loop support.
PObserve	Validate service logs against P specifications.

Let the fun begin!

You can find most of the information about the P framework on: https://p-org.github.io/P/

🐳 Want to skip the setup? Use the official Docker image, which bundles the P CLI, .NET SDK, JDK, Maven, and graphviz (available for amd64 and arm64):
Terminal window
docker run --rm -it -v "$PWD":/workspace ghcr.io/p-org/p:latest
See the installation guide for details.

If you have any questions, please feel free to create an issue, ask on discussions, or [email us]!(mailto:ankushdesai@gmail.com).

P has always been a collaborative project between industry and academia (since 2013). The P team welcomes contributions and suggestions from all of you! See [CONTRIBUTING]!(CONTRIBUTING.md) for more information.